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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

More about Coils and Caps

Remember series and parallel circuits? I know it's been quite a while since we studied them, but it would do good to review a bit before we get too entangled in other stuff.



    Resistors
    • Added in Series (R1+R2+R3)
    • Reciprocate the Reciprocal in Parallel

      1
      ------------
      1         1
      ----  +  ----
       R1       R2

    Coils
    • Added in Series (L1+L2+L3)
    • Reciprocate the Reciprocal in Parallel

      1
      ------------
      1         1
      ----  +  ----
       L1       L2

    Capacitors:
      Remember.... the capacitor works OPPOSITE the coil.
    • Reciprocate the Reciprocal in SERIES

      1
      ------------
      1        1
      ----  +  ----
       C 1        C 2
    • Added in PARALLEL (C1+C2+C3)