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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Simple Electronic Light Sequencer Circuit Diagram

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This is Simple Electronic Light Sequencer Circuit Diagram. The light sequencer uses two ICs and 10 SCRs to create.an ac sequencer. The first 10, a 555 timer, is used to provide clock pulses for 102. The 10 is configured as an astable multivibrator, and its output is on pin 3. 

Capacitors CI and 04, along with resistor R2 and potentiometer PI, control the frequency of the pulses. IC2 is a 4017 Johnson counter, which shifts a high-signal level to each one of its 10 output pins in sequence. Each output pin is resistively coupled to the gate lead an an SCR. When the respective output pin on the 4017 is high and the positive half of the ac cycle is on the anode lead of the SCR, it turns on.




The lamp that is connected to its anode lights. Power is brought into the PC board by the line cord, then the circuit is fuse-protected. Diode LD1 changes the ac to pulsating, which is smoothed by C2 and C3. R23 limits the current, and zener diode D2 limits the dc voltage to 6 Vdc.

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