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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Generator Circuit Diagram

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This is a simple Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Generator Circuit Diagram. A binary sequence is a sequence of bits, i.e. A BS consists of ones and zeros.In this circuit, an additional exclusive-OR gate is connected after the modulo-2 feedback, with CI and R2 applying the supply turn-on ramp into the feedback loop. 



Pseudo Random Bit Sequence Generator Circuit Diagram


This provides sufficient transient signal so that the PRBS generator can self-start a power-up. A shift-register length of 10 is shown with feedback at stages 3 and 10, providing true and inverted maximal length sequence outputs. This technique applies an input directly to the feedback loop.

Therefore, it`s considered more reliable than applying an RC configuration to the shift-register reset input to create a random turn-on state.

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