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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Input Minimum Maximum Selector Circuit Diagram

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This is a simple Input Minimum Maximum Selector Circuit Diagram. This circuit outputs the maximum (or the minimum) of the four input voltages Vv V2, V3, and V4. Each of these input voltages is in the range 0 to 5 V. The output of the unit is the maximum of Vv V2, V3, and V4 if the control voltage input is 5 V (i.e., logical 1). The output is the minimum of Vv V2, V3, and V4 if the control input is zero. By cascading TV such units, one can select the maximum (or the minimum) of 3N + 1 input voltages. Thus if k is the number of input voltages, we need [(/c+l)/3] units.



Input Minimum Maximum Selector Circuit Diagram

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