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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Digital Electronic Door Buzzer Circuit Diagram

This is a simple Digital Electronic Door Buzzer Circuit Diagram. Affordable simple door buzzers and buzzer systems for door entry security in homes, offices and buildings. When SI is depressed, an initial positive voltage is placed on C2 and the noninverting terminal of Ul. The circuit oscillates at a low frequency. As C2 charges up through R3, a rapid increase in frequency of oscillation results, producing (at SPKR1) a rapidly rising pitched sound. This sound is easily recognized over ambient noise. 


Digital Electronic Door Buzzer Circuit Diagram

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