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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a Differential Instrumentation Amplifier Circuit Diagram

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Build a Differential Instrumentation Amplifier Circuit Diagram. An instrumentation amplifier is a type of differential amplifier that has been outfitted with input buffer amplifiers, which eliminate the need for input impedance matching and thus make the amplifier particularly suitable for use in measurement and test equipment.This circuit relies on extremely high input impedance for effective operation. The HA-5180 with its JFET input stage, performs well as a preamplifier. 




The standard three amplifier configuration is used with very close matching of the resistor ratios R5/R4 and (R7 + R8)/R6, to insure high common-mode rejection (CMR). The gain is controlled through R3 and is equal to 2RI/R3. Additional gain can be had by increasing the ratios R5!R4 and (R7 + R8)!R6. The capacitors C1 and C2 improve the ac response by limiting the effects of transients and noise. 

Two suggested values are given for maximum transient suppression at frequencies of interest. Some of the faster DVM`s are operating at peak sampling frequency of 3-kHz, hence the 4-kHz, low-pass time constant. The 40kHz, low-pass time constant for ac voltage ranges is an arbitrary choice, but should be chosen to match the bandwidth of the other components in the system. C1 and C2 might however, reduce CMR for ac signals if not closely matched. Input impedance's have also been added to provide adequate de bias currents for the HA-5180 when open-circuited.

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