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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Isolation and 0-V Switching logic Circuit Diagram

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Isolation the process or fact of isolating These two simple circuits provide 0-V switching. They can be used with full wave bridges or in anti-parallel to provide full wave control and are normally used to trigger power thyristors. If an input signal is present during the time the ac voltage is between 0 to 7 V, the SCR will turn on. But, if the ac voltage has risen above this range and the input signal is then applied, the transistor, Ql, will be biased to the `on` state and will hold the SCR and, consequently, the relay ' 'off' until the next zero crossing. 

Isolation and 0-V Switching logic Circuit Diagram

Isolation and 0-V Switching logic Circuit Diagram

Using a SCR Coupler

Using a SCR Coupler

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