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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Electronic Schmitt Trigger with Programmable Hysteresis Circuit Diagram

Electronic Schmitt Trigger with Programmable Hysteresis Circuit Diagram. In electronics world, a Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis, implemented by applying positive feedback to the non inverting input of a comparator.

Electronic Schmitt Trigger with Programmable Hysteresis Circuit Diagram CA 3088 is used as a versatile Schmitt trigger. The size of the hysteresis levels is determined by Ia that flows out of the amplifier`s output and through R2. Increasing Ia increases hysteresis and vice versa. The positive and negative hysteresis levels are symmetrical about 0 V.

Electronic Schmitt Trigger with Programmable Hysteresis Circuit Diagram

Electronic Schmitt Trigger with Programmable Hysteresis Circuit Diagram

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