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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Build a Scanner Voice Squelch Circuit Diagram

This Scanner Voice Squelch Circuit Diagram detects the presence of audio (voice) on the output of a scanner. If the scanner stops on a `dead carrier` or noise, the circuit mutes the speaker to avoid annoying noise. Ul amplifies speech and drives rectifier D1/D2 and switch Ql. Comparator U3 drives speaker switch Ql and indicator LED1. Q2 completes the speaker path to ground. U2 is an audio amplifier to drive the speaker. R3 is a volume control. PL1 connects to the scanner speaker or to the headphone jack . 

Build a Scanner Voice Squelch Circuit Diagram

Build a Scanner Voice Squelch Circuit Diagram

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