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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a Precision Narrow Band Tone Switch Circuit Diagram

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How to Build a Precision Narrow Band Tone Switch Circuit Diagram. This is a simple Precision Narrow Band Tone Switch Circuit Diagram. This signal tracker and lock detector combine to make a precision tone switch. Filter R3/R4/C2 determines signal capture and tracking range, as well as settling time. Max. VCO frequency: R& Min. VCO frequency: + Pin 9 voltage affects both. 

 Precision Narrow Band Tone Switch Circuit Diagram

Precision Narrow Band Tone Switch Circuit Diagram


The minimum at pin 9 is 0 V and the maximum at pin 9 is VDD. In the lock detector, the PC (phase comparator) outputs are pulses whose width is proportional to the phase difference between the two PC inputs. At lock up, the two PC outputs are almost mirror images. The output of IC1A remains low and IC1B is high. This lights LED1. If the loop is unlocked, the LED will not light.

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