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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

A Charge Pump Circuit Diagram

A charge pump is a kind of DC to DC converter that uses capacitors as energy storage elements to create either a higher or lower voltage power source.This is a Positive input and negative output charge pump. The 74Cl4 IC is a self-oscillating driver for the MOSFET power switch. 


 A Charge Pump Circuit Diagram


It produces a pulse width of 6.5 p,s at a repetition frequency of 100 kHz. When the MOSFET device is off, capacitor C is charged to the positive supply. When the power through the MOSFET switches on, C delivers a negative voltage through the series diode to the output. The zener serves as a dissipative regulator. Because the MOSFET switches fast, operation at high frequencies allows the capacitors in the system to be small.

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