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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Simple Voice Switch on Circuit Diagram

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This is a simple voice activated or switch on circuit diagram. With this sound activated switch, control by sound may be very useful, not just on a robot but also for a bit of home automation.This circuit provides either latched switching or timed switching. U1A and UlB provide audio amplification from the microphone. U2 is a retriggerable monostable multivibrator. 

 Simple Voice Switch on Circuit Diagram



Simple Voice Switch on Circuit Diagram

SI A and SIB select either U3, a flip-flop, or U2. R13 and R14 allow a 6- to 60-second timer delay after the sound ceases, in the timed mode. BR1, U5, and associated components form a power supply. Ql drives opto coupler U4 and triggers triac TRl. -If desired, four silicon diode rectifiers connected as a bridge can be substituted for BR1. Just make certain the diodes are rated at least 50V, 1A.

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