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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Simple Reaction Timer Circuit Diagram

This is a Simple Reaction Timer Circuit Diagram. This simple circuit uses a timer to generate pulses at a 5-ms clock rate. The pulses are shifted into the shift register, one at a time, lighting an LED. An auxiliary timer that generates one pulse per second is used to generate timing to activate the `go` LED and start the 5 ms pulses clocking into the registers. At the go signal each player presses his buttons (S3 or S4). The delay (reaction time) is read out on LED 4 to LED 17; after six seconds, the sequence repeats.

Simple Reaction Timer Circuit Diagram


Simple Reaction Timer Circuit Diagram

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