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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Scarce Level Power Fet Driver Method Circuit Diagram

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This is the Scarce Level Power Fet Driver Method Circuit Diagram. This circuit operates from a 16- to 50-V supply. Adding the buffer circuit (within the dashed lines) offers 100-ns switching times. Otherwise, the circuit switches in 1 /xs. Ql and R1 form a switched current source of about 12 mA. 

The current flows through R2, which supplies 12 V to the FET. The circuit works well over a wide range of supply voltages. Furthermore, it switches smoothly in the presence of large ripple and noise on the supply. 

 Scarce Level Power Fet Driver Method Circuit Diagram


Scarce Level Power Fet Driver Method Circuit Diagram


The switching time (about 1 /as) can be reduced considerably by lowering the values of Ri and R2 at the expense of higher power dissipation in the resistors and Ql. Alternatively, a buffer circuit can be added to produce switching times of 100 ns without generating significant power dissipation.

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