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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Linear Variable Differential Transformer Circuit Diagram

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This is the linear variable differential transformer driver demodulator circuit diagram. A very simple motion transducer can be constructed using the circuit shown. The output is biased to one-half the supply voltage. This requires special interface circuitry for the signal readout. 

 Linear Variable Differential Transformer Circuit Diagram


Linear Variable Differential Transformer Circuit Diagram


One simple method is to use a zero center meter in a bridge configuration. Displacement now can be measured as a positive or negative meter reading. Readout sensitivity is a function of the particular linear variable differential transformer and of the gain of the error amplifier. De offsets can be nulled by using a simple offset adjustment circuit as indicated.

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