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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Simple Warble Tone Alarm Circuit Diagram

This is a Simple Warble Tone Alarm Circuit Diagram. The circuit generates a warble-tone alarm signal that simulates the sound of a British police siren. IC1 is wired as an alarm generator and IC2 is wired as a 1 Hz a stable multivibrator. 

 Simple Warble Tone Alarm Circuit Diagram


Simple Warble Tone Alarm Circuit Diagram

The output of IC2 is used to frequency modulate IC1 via R5.The action is such that the output frequency of IC1 alternates symmetrically between 500 Hz and 440 Hz, taking one sound to complete each alternating cycle.

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