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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Simple Polarity Gain Adapting Circuit Diagram

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This is a Simple Polarity Gain Adapting Circuit Diagram. In this circuit by adapting one potentiometer, this circuit`s output can be varied from a positive-going version of the input signal, smoothly through zero output, then to a negative-going version of the input (see the figure). 

 Simple Polarity Gain Adapting Circuit Diagram


Stabilized Capacitance Buffer Circuit Diagram


If the input signal is a positive pulse of, for example, +2-V peak/the output pulse amplitude can be smoothly varied from +2-V through ground (no output) to a -2-V peak. Taking a closer look at the setup, assume that the signal has a +2-V peak input. The A section of the quad op amp is an input buffer, op amp 0 provides a fixed negative-going output of -4-V peak, and op amp supplies a positive-going output that varies from +2-V to +6-V top. The D section adds the and C outputs. 

Read:Stabilized Capacitance Buffer Circuit Diagram


Thus, by varying the output, the circuit output varies smoothly from -2-V to +2-V peak. The circuit can, of course, also be used as a 07180 phase switcher. For instance, with a ground-centered sine-wave input of 4V p-p, the output varies from 4-V p-p in phase with the input, smoothly through 0 V, to 4V p-p 180 out of phase with the input.

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