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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram

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How to Build a Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram. This is a Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram. The NE564 is used as an FM demodulator. The connections for operation at 5 V and 12 V are shown in Figures 21-4A and 21-4B. The input signal is ac coupled with the output signal being extracted at Pin 14. Loop filtering is provided by the capacitors at Pins 4 and 5 with additional filtering being provided by the capacitor at Pin 14. 

Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram A

Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram


Since the conversion gain of the VCO is not very high, to obtain sufficient demodulated output signal the frequency deviation in the input signal should be 1% or higher.

Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram B

Simple Fm Demodulator Circuit Diagram

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