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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Simple Whooper Circuit Diagram

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This is a Simple Whooper Circuit Diagram. Integrated circuit Ul is connected as a low-frequency asymmetrical oscillator. Its output is inverted by Ql and fed to the reset terminal of U2 at pin 5. Integrated circuit U2 is configured as an audio oscillator and is enabled when the output of Ul is low. With the voltage at pin 5 of U2 constant, the circuit just` `bleeps.`` The voltage across capacitor CI is fed to the base of Q2, which turns it on and grounds pin 5 of U2. 

When the frequency of the reset signal on pin 4 falls, the output frequency of U2 rises. The output then becomes a whoop, starting low in frequency and ending high. Resistor Rl sets the repetition rate and R2 determines the time duration of the whoop. Resistors R3 and R4 set the center-operating frequency.

Whooper Circuit Diagram

Whooper Circuit Diagram

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