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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a 60Hz Power Inverter Circuit Diagram

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Hi Friends to we build a simple 60Hz Power Inverter Circuit Diagram.In the 60Hz Power Inverter Circuit Diagram Capacitor C5 and potentiometer R12 determine the frequency of the output signal at pin 3 of IC1, the 555 oscillator. The output signal is differentiated by C3 and C4 before it`s input to the base of power transistors Q1 and Q2 via diodes D1 and D2, respectively. 

The signal from !C1 is adjusted to 120Hz, because the flip-flop formed by transistors Q3 and Q4.divides the frequency by 2.When Q3 is on, the base of Q1 is connected via R1 to the regulated 12-V supply. Then, when the flipflop changes states, Q4 is turned on and the base of Q2 connected to the 12-V supply through R2. The 100 mA base current allowsQ1 and Q2 to alternately conduct through their respective halves to the transformer`s secondary winding. 


60Hz Power Inverter Circuit Diagram


To eliminate switching transients caused by the rapid switching of Q3 and Q4, capacitors C1 and C2 filter the inputs to the base of Q1 and Q2 respectively. Power for the unit comes from an automobile`s 12V system or from a storage battery. The power is regulated by IC2, a 7812 regulator. LED1, connected across the 12-V input, can be used to indicate whether power is being fed to the circuit. The neon pilot lamp, LMP1, shows a presence or absence of output power.


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