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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of ...
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Top Bench Power supply Circuit Diagram

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This is the Top Bench Power supply Circuit Diagram. A tapped transformer drives a diode bridge (D1-D4) and two 2500 µ¥ filter capacitors (Cl and C2), that provide a no-load voltage of 37 or 47 volts, depending upon the position of switch S2a. The unregulated dc is then fed to a pre-regulator stage composed of Ql and D5. 

Those components protect IC1 (the 723) from an over-voltage condition; the 723 can't handle more than 40 volts. The LED (LED1) and its 2.2 k current-limiting resistor (Rl) provide on/off indication. The current through the LED varies slightly according to the transformer tap selected, but that's of no real consequence.

 Top Bench Power supply Circuit Diagram

 Top Bench Power supply Circuit Diagram

 The series-pass transistor in IC1 drives voltage-follower Q2, providing current amplification. The transistor can handle lots of power. It has a maximum collector current of 15 amps and a maximum VCE of 70 V, both of which are more than adequate for our supply.

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