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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Preregulator for Power Supply Circuit Diagram

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This SCR pre-regulator keeps the filter capacitor Vc, in a variable output power supply, a few volts above the output voltage V0. The benefits include: less heat dissipated by the pass transistor and therefore small heatsink, cooler operation and higher efficiency, especially at low output voltages. Ql, Rl, R2, Dl and D2 form a constant current source for zener Zl, so that the contribution to the output current is always a few mA (2-3 mA). The Darlington pair Q2, Q3 keeps the SCR off.

Preregulator for Power Supply Circuit Diagram

Preregulator for Power Supply Circuit Diagram


The voltage Vc decreases until Vc = V0 = V at which point the Darlington pair fires the SCR, charging the filter capacitor to a higher voltage VC1 in less than half the period of the input voltage. The component values, shown are for a 0 - 250-V, 3-A power supply.


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