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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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High-Voltage Pulse Supply Circuit Diagram

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This high-voltage pulse supply will generate pulses up to 30 kV. Ql and Q2 form a multivibrator in conjunction with peripheral components Rl through R6 and CI, C2, C3, C5, C6, and D2. R9 adjusts the pulse repetition rate. R2 should be selected to limit the maximum repetition rate to 20 Hz. II is a type 1156 lamp used as a current limiter. 

R9 can be left out and R2 selected to produce a fixed rate, if desired. Try about 1 as a start. Q3 serves as a power amplifier and switch to drive Tl (an automotive ignition coil). NE1 is used as a pulse indicator and indicates circuit operation. Because this circuit can develop up to 30 kV, suitable construction techniques and safety precautions should be observed.



High-Voltage Pulse Supply Circuit Diagram

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