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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a High Voltage Inverter Circuit Diagram

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The High Voltage Inverter Circuit Diagram converts a de voltage (V +) to a high-amplitude square wave in the audio-frequency range. The dual timer, IC2, provides an inexpensive alternative to the traditional transformer for providing complementary base drive to the power transistors, Ql and Q2. You can convert a 6 to 12 V battery output, for example, to an ac amplitude, which is limited primarily by the power rating of transformer Tl. 

Connect timer IC1 as an oscillator to provide a symmetrical square-wave drive to both inputs of IC2. The timing components, R2 and Cl, produce a 2.2-kHz output frequency. By connecting half of IC2 in the inverting mode and the other half in noninverting mode, the timer`s outputs alternately drive the two transistors. 

 Build a High Voltage Inverter Circuit Diagram


Build a High Voltage Inverter Circuit Diagram

You can operate the audio-output transformer, Tl, as a step-up transformer by connecting it backwards using the output winding as an input. The transformer delivers an output voltage across RL of 4 x N x V+V pk-pk, where Nis the transformer turns ratio. For the circuit shown, the output swing is 100 x V+V pk-pk.

Comments

  1. BobJul 15, 2019, 6:28:00 PM

    Why are there 2 (556) timers hooked together here? What is accomplished using 2 timers in sequence?

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