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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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1-Ma Current Sink Circuit Diagram

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This is the simple 1-Ma Current Sink Circuit Diagram. A fixed current flows through any load that is connected between the positive supply and Ql`s collector. The non inverting terminal of the op amp is grounded, and negative feedback flows between the output of the circuit (Ql`s emitter) and the inverting terminal. The voltage across Rl is thus equal to the voltage at the inverting terminal (approximately 0.55 V), so a fixed current of about 1 mA flows through the load, Ql`s emitter, and Rl.




1-Ma Current Sink Circuit Diagram

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