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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Simple Programmable Bandpass using twin-t bridge

The Simple Programmable Bandpass using twin-t bridge circuit gives a programmable bandpass where both the cut-over frequency and the gain, A, are controlled independently. In the twin-T bridge the resistors R and R/2 are replaced by two double FETs, 430, the channel resistance of the first one in the series, the channel resistances of the second one are in parallel as to stimulate the resistance R/2. Both these resistors are controlled by Vc which ranges from 0 V to about 1 V. The gain of the circuit is set by means of the resistors R2 and R3. 

Simple Programmable Bandpass using twin-t bridge Circuit Diagram

Simple Programmable Bandpass using twin-t bridge
 

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