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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a Carrier-Operated Relay Circuit Diagram

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Carrier-Operated Relay Circuit Diagram shows a COR/CAS circuit for repeater use. CR1 is a silicon diode. 2 may be any relay with a 12-V coil (a long-life-reed relay is best). R2 sets the length of time that K2 remains closed after the input voltage disappears (hang time). shows a timer circuit. Values shown for Rl and CI should provide timing up to four minutes or so. CI should be a low-leakage capacitor; Ql is a silicon-controlled rectifier, ECG-5452 or equivalent. 

Kl may be any miniature relay with a 12-volt coil. The timer is reset when the supply voltage is momentarily interrupted. The switch must be in the reset position for the remote reset to work. This circuit operates from the detector output of a receiver. A delay circuit is included so that the relay stays closed for a time period after the carrier output from the receiver disappears. 

  Carrier-Operated Relay Circuit Diagram

Carrier-Operated Relay Circuit Diagram
 

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