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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of ...

Battery Charge-Discharge Indicator Circuit Diagram

This Battery Charge-Discharge Indicator Circuit Diagram monitors car battery voltage. It provides an indication of nominal supply voltage as well as low or high voltage. RV1 and RV2 adjust the point at which the red/yellow and yellow/green LEDs are on or off. For example the red LED comes on at 11V, and the green LED at 12V. The yellow LED is on between these values.


Battery Charge-Discharge Indicator Circuit Diagram

Battery Charge-Discharge Indicator Circuit Diagram

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