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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Automatic car parking indicator using 8051

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This system will indicate empty and filled car parking slots at the entry. Now a days Car parking at shopping malls and markets is becoming a big issue and is causing to traffic jam. To avoid this  problem we are designing this system to indicate empty slots and filled slots, so that a car driving person can directly take his car to that particular empty slot. we will indicate the slot state by LEDs and also in LCD screen. we will use IR sensors to sense the presence of car in the slot.
Working: when a car enter into a empty slot the photo detector output will become '1', this will change the state of the slot to filled, otherwise it is remained in empty state only. like wise all the slots are detected by IR sensors.
Here is the functional flow chart

  to download C-code
  to see output video 
  to see working video -1
Schematic Diagram:
case'1': when all the slots are empty
all the LEDs are glowing and slot states are displayed in LCD  
here LED ON means slot empty; and LED OFF means slot filled 
case'2': when 1st and 2nd slots are filled
1st and 2nd LEDs are glowing and the same thing is displayed in LCD
NOTE:
pushbuttons are to be replaced by IR sensors and comparators

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