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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of ...
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Embeded Server

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Miniature embedded device server is a complete internet server built into an ethernet (RJ-45) jack.
A device embedded with a fully integrated miniature device server can provide the internet data communication capability such that
  • The user can access the device setting through a standard internet browser.
  • The manufacture can upgrade the system software / firmware of the device via the internet.
  • The technical support personnel can do remote configuration, monitoring, and troubleshooting, including real-time device performance notification without in-house service visit.
  • A dedicated co-processor, if available in the device, can be used to optimize network activities, permitting the host microprocessor to function at maximum efficiency.
For example, if the miniature device server is embedded in every house appliance, one can easily do the following:
  • Schedule the recording time of VCR, pay-per-view or video-on-demand programs on the more user friendly internet browser.
  • Coordinate the coffee maker and toaster with the alarm clock in the morning.
  • Coordinate the air conditioner, water heater, oven, bread maker, and/or rice cooker with his/her office computer that takes effect when he/she checks out from office in the afternoon.
  • No need to change clocks between day-light-saving and standard time (in fact, all clocks will be synchronized and always report the accurate time).
  • Automatically inform the technician or plumber for maintenance or repair, when needed.
In short, the miniature embedded device server makes devices "network enabled." Once devices are connected to the internet, it is a whole new world.
Common Specifications  
Common specifications for commercially available Miniature Embedded Device Servers are listed below:
  Network Interface: RJ45 Ethernet 10BASE-T or 100BASE-TX (auto-sensing)
  Compatibility (Ethernet): Version 2.0/IEEE 802.3
  Storage capacity: 384 ~ 512 KB
  Weight: 9.6 grams (0.34 oz)
  Material: Metal shell, thermoplastic case
  Temperature: Operating -40°C to +85°C (-40°F to 185°F)
Storage -40°C to +85°C (-40°F to 185°F)
  Relative Humidity: 5% to 95% non-condensing
  Shock/Vibration: Non-operational shock: 500 g's
Non-operational vibration: 20 g's
  Supply Voltage: 3.3 V ±5%
  Input Voltage: Low level 0 ~ 0.8 V
High Level 2.0 V ~ Supply Voltage
  Output Voltage: Low level up to0.4 V
High Level no less than 2.4 V
  Leakage Current: Input or Output 10 µA
  Typical Supply Current: Idle 130mA
10BASE-T activity 140mA
100BASE-T activity 210mA