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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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USB HOST CONTROLLER FOR A MICROCONTROLLER

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Abstract:
Using a microcontroller as a USB host device instead of as a USB peripheral device can
be very helpful for students in ECE 4760 (Digital Systems Design Using Microcontrollers) to
attach a USB mouse, a USB keyboard or a USB memory stick. Although a full software version of
a USB host has been previously implemented on AVR Mega32 microcontrollers as a final project
for ECE 4760 by students, the fact that it heavily loads the microcontroller forces us to look for


an alternative solution, in other words, a hardware implementation. For example, dedicated
host chips such as VNC1L and MAX3421 provide high-speed interface to unload the
microcontroller. I implemented a useable USB host interface to Mega1284 using a chip (VNC1L
on VDIP1 module) that unloads the microcontroller. The final product includes the libraries that
consist of APIs that a host uses to communicate with HID (human interface device) and mass
storage class peripheral devices. The hardware implementation can be used by students in ECE
4760 to run a mouse, a keyboard and a memory stick. This will allow students to easily attach
peripherals such as a mouse to their final project without having to use a host computer.

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