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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of

Lamp Flasher using IC LM395

This circuit of powerful flashing lamp is good use in vehicles. The LM395 IC based on circuit also known as super-transistor, which is terribly powerful integrated monolithic power transistor with options such as thermal protection, current limit etc. In fact, this circuit is almost indestructible.The IC will handle currents up to 1A 40V and switch in less than 500 nanoseconds. Resistor R1 and capacitor C1 determine the frequency of blinking. With the flash rate indicates the value is approximately 1 flash per second.

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