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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Hand gesture based wheel chair

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The use of powered wheelchairs with high navigational intelligence is one of the great steps towards the integration of severely physically disabled and mentally handicapped people. Driving a wheelchair in domestic environments is a difficult task even for a normal person and becomes even more difficult for people with arms or hands impairments. Tetra pelagic people are completely unable to operate a joystick unless they use the tongue, which is obviously a very tedious task. Simultaneously blind and paraplegic people deal with a very uneasy situation which couples two problems: locomotion and localization. The Rob Chair system is being developed to overcome the problems described above, allowing the end-user to just perform safe movements and accomplish some daily life important tasks.
3 Axis Acceleration Sensor Board based on ADXL3XX from Analog devices is used for gesture recognition. It is a first generation 3 axis acceleration sensor. User could get acceleration value of X, Y, and Z axis. And it is widely used in shock, slope, and moving detection. Output sensitivity could be select by simply set voltage level on few pins. The output of the sensor is analog mode.
A prototype chair is implemented with a small chair and 60rpm motors are used to move the chair. A free-wheel is arranged to change the chair direction according to user’s requirement.This project uses 12V rechargeable battery. This project is very much useful for the disabled.

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