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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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basic-block-diagram-of-data-acquisition

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Data Acquisition System is an important subject having its vast applications specially in industries. Often Data Acquisition System is abbreviated as DAS or DAQ. The process that most of the Data Acquisition System follows is to sample the data that represents real time conditions and to convert it in digital form that computers and processors can manipulate it.

The basic Block Diagram of DAS (Data Acquisition System) can be seen below :
 
The data from sensors is fed into ADC for mapping it to digital form. Typical ADC consists of a Sampler, a Quantizer and an encoder. The selection criterion of ADC is an other subject that needs another dedicated post. The data taken from ADC is then fed into microprocessor or microcontroller for the operations like memory or internet provision for remote accessing.

Few of the reasons for the emergence of DAS to digitally acquire data and for Analog Obsoleteness are as under:
  • No processing can be done
  • More memory needed
  • Less readable due to Infinite Readings

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