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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of ...

9-volt-portable-mixer-circuit

The objective of this project was to design a small portable mixer supplied by a 9V PP3 battery, keeping performance quality. The mixer is formed assembling three main modules that can vary in number and / or willingness to adapt to the needs of all.



The three modules are:

Amplifier Input Module: a low-noise circuit equipped with a variable voltage gain (10 - 100) pre-set, primarily intended as input to high-quality microphone is also suitable for line level input on .

Tone Control Module: One of three bands (Low, Mid, Treble) tone control circuit provides unity gain when the controls are set flat frequency response. Can be inserted after one or more modules of the amplifier and / or after the main mixer amplifiers.

Main Module mixer amplifier, a music circuit incorporating two virtual mixing earth and shows the connection of a Master Fader and Pan-Pot.

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