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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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6 Graphic Equaliser Circuit 741 Op-Amp

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This circuit is half dozen Band Graphic Equaliser ,you can modify sound in low ,mid and high that circuit used IC 741 Op-Amp. With this circuit you can management and mix frequencies and tones as desired.

Essentially, the circuit consists of an IC 741 whose gain at various freguencies is set by corresponding potentiometer setting.


The audiblefrequency spectrum is roofed in six steps: 50Hz, 160Hz, 500Hz, 1.6kHz, 5kHz, 16kHz. All potentiometers are of 100kΩ linear kind. The circuit provides adequate boost / cut for traditional use.

power provide for the circuit may be derived from the amplifier / preamplifier itself. The wide rangeof provide voltage (6V-20V) makes the circuit terribly versatile. Power consumption is negligible.

6 Graphic Equaliser Circuit 741 Op-Amp list Component
R1,R2,R3,R4,R5,R6 : 27kΩ     C1: 100n      C6: 300pF
R7:  470kΩ                   C2: 33n       C7: 100uF/16V
R8:  330kΩ                   C3: 10n       C8: 4.7uF/16V
R9:  100kΩ                   C4: 3.3n      C9: 47uF/16V
R10: 4.7kΩ                   C5: 1n        IC1: 741 Op amp
R11: 4.7kΩ
VR1,VR2,VR3,VR4,VR5,VR6: 100kΩ Linear Potentiometers

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