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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of ...
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12KV High Voltage Generator

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The 12KV High Voltage Generator beneath uses an abnormal adjustment to accomplish about 12,000 volts with about 5uA of current. Two SCRs anatomy two beating architect circuits. The two SCRs acquittal a 0.047uF a 400v capacitor through a xenon lamp activate braid at 120 times a second.

The aerial voltage pulses produced at the accessory of the activate braid are rectified application two 6KV damper diodes. The voltage doubler ambit at the accessory of the activate braid accuse up two aerial voltage disc capacitors up to about 12KV. Although this ambit can’t aftermath a lot of accepted be actual accurate with it. A 12KV atom can jump about 0.75 of an inch so the cyberbanking ambit needs to be anxiously active with lots of amplitude amid components.
circuit designed by David Johnson, P.E.

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