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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Electronic Combination Lock Circuit

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Description

This is the circuit diagram of a simple electronic combination lock using IC LS 7220.This circuit can be used to activate a relay for controlling (on & off) any device when a preset combination of 4 digits are pressed.The circuit can be operated from 5V to 12V.
To set the combination connect the appropriate switches to pin 3,4,5 and 6 of the IC through the header.As an example if S1 is connected to pin 3, S2 to pin 4 , S3 to pin 5, S4 to pin 6 of the IC ,the combination will be 1234.This way we can create any 4 digit combinations.Then connect the rest of the switches to pin 2 of IC.This will cause the IC to reset if any invalid key is pressed , and entire key code has to be re entered.
When the correct key combination is pressed the out put ( relay) will be activated for a preset time determined by the capacitor C1.Here it is set to be 6S.Increase C1 to increase on time.
For the key pad, arrange switches in a 3X4 matrix on a PCB.Write the digits on the keys using a marker.Instead of using numbers I wrote some symbols!.The bad guys will be more confused by this.

Electronic Lock Circuit Diagram .

 

Pin Assignment of LS7220.

 

Parts List

C1              1   1uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
C2              1    220uF 25V Electrolytic Capacitor
R1              1    2.2K 1/4W Resistor
Q1              1    2N3904 NPN Transistor    2N2222
D1              1    1N4148 Rectifier Diode    1N4001-1N4007
K1              1    12V SPDT Relay    Any appropriate relay with 12V coil
U1             1     LS7220 Digital Lock IC
S1-S12    12    SPST Momentary Pushbutton    Keypad (see notes)
HD1          1    12 Position Header
Contributed by :   http://www.circuitstoday.com

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