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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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CMOS 4047 Digital Clock Circuit

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This circuit provides a digital square wave that can be viewed directly or used to drive other circuits. It used the CMOS 4047 Low-Power Monostable/Astable Multivibrator. As used in Tom Duncan's Adventures with Digital Electronic's Book, to drive CMOS Decade of 4-bit binary counters.


RC = 10M x 100nF = (10x106) x (100x10-9) = 1 Hz OscOut (Double Frequency of Q)
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Q (Inverse of Q)
Q (Square Wave, Frequency RC Hz, 1:1 Mark:Space Ratio)
These 3 outputs can be viewed using an LED and 330R Resitor in series.		 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      +----------+
 Cext |1  +--+ 14| VCC
 Rext |2       13| OSC
RCext |3       12| RETRIG
 /AST |4  4047 11| /Q
  AST |5       10| Q
  /TR |6        9| RST
  GND |7        8| TR
      +----------+


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