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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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Build a Schmitt Trigger Circuit Diagram

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This is a simple Schmitt Trigger Circuit Diagram. Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit with hysteresis, implemented by applying positive feedback to the non inverting input of a comparator or differential amplifier. It is an active circuit which converts an analog input signal to a digital output signal. In this circuit A 555 IC is shown configured to function as a Schmitt trigger. Inputs above and below the threshold level will turn the circuit on and off producing a square wave output. 

Schmitt Trigger Circuit Diagram

Schmitt Trigger Circuit Diagram

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