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High CMRR Instrumentation Amplifier (Schematic and Layout) design for biomedical applications

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Instrumentation amplifiers are intended to be used whenever acquisition of a useful signal is difficult. IA’s must have extremely high input impedances because source impedances may be high and/or unbalanced. bias and offset currents are low and relatively stable so that the source impedance need not be constant. Balanced differential inputs are provided so that the signal source may be referenced to any reasonable level independent of the IA output load reference. Common mode rejection, a measure of input balance, is very high so that noise pickup and ground drops, characteristic of remote sensor applications, are minimized.Care is taken to provide high, well characterized stability of critical parameters under varying conditions, such as changing temperatures and supply voltages. Finally, all components that are critical to the performance of the IA are internal to the device. The precision of an IA is provided at the expense of flexibility. By committing to the one specific task of
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DC-to-DC AC Inverter Circuit Diagram

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This DC-to-DC AC Inverter Circuit Diagram uses no special components such as the torodial transformer used in many inverters. Cost is kept low with the use of cheap, readily available components. Essentially, it is a power amplifier driven by an asta-ble multivibrator. The frequency is around 1200 Hz which most 50/60 Hz power transformers handle well without too much loss. 

Increasing the value of capacitors Cl and C2 will lower the frequency if any trouble is experienced. However, rectifier filtering capacitors required are considerably smaller at the higher operating frequency. The two 2N3055 transistor should be mounted on an adequately sized heatsink. The transformer should be rated ac-cordingto the amount of output power required allowing for conversion efficiency of approximately 60%.


DC-to-DC AC Inverter Circuit Diagram

DC-to-DC AC Inverter Circuit Diagram

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